Fruits and Medicinal Plants

अमला
Scientific name :      PHYLLANTHUS EMBLICA
Family :               Euphorbiaceae
Local Names :        Amala (Nep.); Ambah (Newa.); Aamalaki, Dhaatri (Sans.);     Embellc myrobalan, Indian Gooseberry (Eng.)
Uses :       Fresh fruits are acrid, cooling, diuretic, laxative and stomachic. Dry fruit is an important constituents of ‘Triphala” and “Chyavanpras” of Ayurvedic preparations. Useful in haemorrhage and dysentery. In combination with Iron compounds, it is used as a remedy for anaemia, jaundice and dyspepsia. Root is astringent and seeds are used in asthma, bronchitis and biliousness.

लप्सी

Scietific Name:  Choerospondias axillaris

Family:  Anacardiaceae

Local/Common Name:  Lapsi, Lepchipoma, Amrda

Uses : This fruit is greenish-yellow when ripe. It contain  high vitamin C , even at full ripe stage they are extremely sour, however it also contains a pleasant tart flavor, where some people eat it fresh, while others use in the making of dried fruit nuggets both sweet and salt. Pulp separation from the seeds is difficult to segregate, but by cooking it becomes very easy. With a large brown seed, the fruits have a hard rubbery skin and pale yellow flesh, which is firmly attached to the seed.

कागती

Scietific Name:  Citrus limon

Family:  Rutaceae

Local/Common Name:  कागती, Lemon,  French limon, Italian limone

Uses:    Lemons are the rich source of vitamin C. Lemons  contain numerous phytochemicals, including polyphenols, terpenes, and tannins.  Lemon juice is used to make lemonade, soft drinks, and cocktails. It is used in marinades for fish, and meat. Lemons are preserved in jars or barrels of salt. The salt penetrates the peel and rind, softening them, and curing them so that they last almost indefinitely. Lemon oil is extracted from oil-containing cells in the skin. The leaves of the lemon tree are used to make a tea and for preparing cooked meats and seafoods.

सुन्तला

Scietific Name:  Citrus sinensis

Family : Rutaceae

Local/Common Name :  सुन्तला, Orange, Blood orange, Navel Oranges

Uses: Oranges are an important food source of vitamin C. The fruit is low in calories, contains no saturated fats or cholesterol, but rich in dietary fiber, pectin. Orange fruit contains a variety of phytochemicals. Hesperetin, naringin,  naringenin and  also some amount of minerals like potassium and calcium which are  important component of cell and body fluids that helps control heart rate and blood pressure through countering pressing effects of sodium.

आरू

Scietific Name:  Prunus persica

Family: Rosaceae

Local/Common Name:  peach, nectarine, आरू

Uses: Peach is  edible juicy fruit. It  been shown to ward off obesity-related diseases such as diabetes, heart disease, metabolic syndrome, and It  have bioactive and phenolic compounds with anti-obesity and anti-inflammatory properties that may also reduce the bad cholesterol (LDL) associated with cardiovascular disease.  It is  an excellent source of the strong antioxidant vitamin C, can also help combat the formation of free radicals known to cause cancer. High fruit and vegetable intake is also associated with reduce wrinkles, improve overall skin texture,  and help to fight skin damage caused by the sun and pollution and make healthy complexion and hair.

अंम्बा

Scietific Name:  Psidium guajava

Family:  Malvaceae

Local/Common Name:   Guava, yellow guava, lemon guava, goiaba.

Uses:  Guava  has been used in Traditional Medicine. It is used for inflammation, diabetes, hypertension, caries, wounds, pain relief, fever, diarrhea, rheumatism, lungs diseases, and ulcer.  Guava is an edible fruit and can be eaten raw or cooked. The processing of the fruits yields by-products that can be fed to livestock. The leaves can also be used as fodder. The plant is used in many different shampoo products for its scent. Its wood is commonly used for smoking of meat. Its hard wood is suitable for roof trusses.

अनार

Scietific Name:  Pomegranate

Family:  Lythraceae

Local/Common Name:  anar, Pomegranate, Red Apple.

Uses:   This fruit contains hundreds of edible seeds called arils. They are rich in fiber, vitamins, minerals and bioactive plant compounds, but they also contain some sugar. Pomegranates contain punicalagins and punicic acid, unique substances that are responsible for most of their health benefits. It has Impressive Anti-Inflammatory Effects which helps for fight protest against heart disease, cancer, type 2 diabetes, Alzheimer’s disease and even obesity.

काफल
Scientific name: MYRICA ESCULENTA
Family: Myricaceae
Local Names: Kaphal (Nep.); Kabasi (Newa.); Katphala (Sans.); Box Myrtle, Bay Berry, Wax Myrtle (Eng.)
Uses Traditionally, the bark has been used for the treatment of cough, asthma, fever, chronic bronchitis, diarrhoea, rheumatism and inflammation; roots have been used in bronchitis, asthma, cholera and flowers claimed to treat earache, diarrhea, paralysis.

अर्चल

Scietific Name:  Antidesma alexiteria

Family :  Phyllanthaceae

Local/Common Name :  अर्चल,  Archal, Antidesma, Bignay, Bignai

Uses: This fleshy and juicy fruits are edible with a sour to bitter sweet taste.  It can be eaten raw or cooked and used in jellies, preserves, it is used mainly for jams and jellies. Young leaves can be eaten raw in salads or steamed and used as a side dish with rice, the leaves are also used as an antidote for snake bites. The root bark is used to treat dysentery. A fiber obtained from the bark is used for cordage. Antidesma provide delicious and nutritious fruit, but many also have edible leaves, seeds, flowers, stems or roots, or they yield edible or useful oil.

कपूर
Scientific name: Cinnamomum camphora
Family: Lauraceae
Local name: Kapoor (Nep.), Camphor Tree (Eng.)
Uses: relieve pain and reduce itching. It has also been used to treat fungal infections of the toenail, warts, cold sores, hemorrhoids, and osteoarthritis. Camphor is used topically to increase local blood flow and as a “counterirritant,” which reduces pain and swelling by causing irritation.

बर्रो
Scientific name: TERMINAllA BELURICA
Family: Combretaceae
Local Names: Barro (Nep.), Balah (Newa.), Vibhitak, Vibhitaki (Sans.) Bastard myrobalan, belleric myrobalan (Eng.)
Uses: Tonic, astringent, laxative, antipyreti, narcotic. Used in piles. dropsy. Fruits are used in cough, hoarseness, and eye disease. It is one of the constituents of “Triphala” of Ayurvedic preparation used for liver and gastrointestinal tracts.

बेल
Scientific name AEOLE MARMELOS
Family Rutaceae
Local Names Bel (Nep.); Bel (Newa.); Vilva, Biranab (Sans.); Bael tree, Bengal Quince (Eng.)
Uses Ripe fruit-laxative, against constipation and dyspepsia. Unripe fruit – astringent, digestive and against dysentery. Roots bark is used against fever, and preparation of Dasmula’.

घ्यु कुमारी

Scientific name: ALOE VERA
Family: Liliaceae
Common name: Aloe-Vera
Uses: Stomachic, cooling, alterative, purgative, and emmenagogue, used again t pile and rectal fisures. Useful in eye disease, tumors, enlargement of the pleen, liver complaints, vomiting. The mucilage is cooling and used to poultice inflammations and extensively used in cosmetic preparation.

जामानेमन्द्रो
Scientific name TERMINAllA BELURICA
Family Berberidaceae
Local Names jamane mandro (Nep.); (Newa.); Daruharidra (Sans.); Mahonia (Eng.)
Uses Bark-antidysenteric, antidiarrheal. Berries -diuretic and demulcent in dysentery

जामुन
Scientific name SYZYGIUM CUMlNI
Family Myrtaceae
Local Names Jamun (Nep.); Ounjhamsi (Newa.); jambool (Sans.); Black Plum, Indian Blackberry, Java Plum (Eng.)
Uses Bark – acrid, astringent, anthelmintic, useful in diarrhoea, dysentery, sore throat, bronchitis, asthma, biliousness, blood impurities, ulcers; Fruit – carminative and diuretic. Seed used in diabetes.

जिम्बु
Scientific name ALLIUM HYPSISTUM
Family Amaryllidaceae
Local Names jimbu (Nep.)
Uses Flavoring substance in local culinary, used to cure cough and cold, and also gastritis.

कोइरालो
Scientific name: BAUHINIA VARIEGATA
Family: Leguminosae
Local Names: Koiralo (Nep.); Kunhah, Kunhahbun (Newa.); Kachnar, Kovidara (Sans.); Mountain Ebony (Eng.).
Uses: Bark- Alterative, tonic, astringent, emmenagogue. Used in dysentery, piles, dyspepsia, ulcers, scorfula, sore throat, cough, bleeding piles, haematuria and menorrhagia etc. Root- decoction in dyspepsia, carminative. Fresh flowers used as laxative. Dried flower buds used in dysentery and piles, diarrhoea.

कुरिलो
Scientific name: ASPARAGUS RACEMOSUS
Family: Liliaceae
Local Names: Kurilo (Nep.); Shatamuli (Sans.); Asparsgus (Eng.)
Uses: Used as refrigerant, demulcent, diuretic, aphrodisiac, antispasmodic, antidiarrhoea, galactagogue and in rheumatism.

मोथे
Scientific name: CYPERUS ROTUNDUS
Family: Cyperaceae
Local Names: Mothe (Nep.); Kasur, Khayu kasura (Newa.); Mustaka, Bhadramusta (Sans.); Nut grass (Eng.)
Uses: Diuretic, emmenagogue, antihelminthic, diaphoretic, astringent, stimulant, useful in disorders of the stomach and irritation of the bowels. leprosy, fever, blood diseases, biliousness and dysentery.

हर्रो
Scientific name: TERMINALIA CHEBULA
Family: Combretaceae
Local Names: Harro (Nep.); Halah (Newa.); Haritaki (Sans.); Chebula myrobalan (Eng.)
Uses: Fruits are astringent, laxative, alterative, fine powder useful in carious teeth and bleeding gums. Bark is diuretic, cardiotonic. Used in ulcer. An ingredient of “Triphala”‘ of Ayurvedic preparation.

हलेदो
Scientific name: CURCUMA ANOUSTIFOLIA
Family: Zingiberaceae
Local Names: Haledo (Nep.); Beshar (Newa.); Haladi, Aneshta (Sans.); Turmeric (Eng.)
Uses: Aromatic, stimulant, tonic, canninative, blood purifier, antiperiodic alterative, externally applied to sprains wounds and injuries. Used in chest and abdominal distension, mucous discharge and relieve the congestion, rheumatalgia, irregular menses, amenorrhoea. Decoction of rhizomes in purulent conjuctivities; fresh juiceanthelmintic used as antiparasitic for many skin affections.

चाँप
Scientific name: MICHELIA CHAMPACA
Family: Magnoliaceae
Local Names: Champ (Nep.); Chaswan (Newa.); Chambunala, Champaka, Champeya (Sans.); Golden champa, Yellow champa, Magnolia (Eng.)
Uses: Bark – astringent, febrifuge, stimulant, expectorant, diuretic, bile and blood affections. Flowers and fruits – stimulant, tonic, expectorant, antispasmodic, stomachic, carminative, diuretic, used in bilious conditions, leprosy, skin diseases and ulcers. Useful in cough and rheumatism

बोजो
Scientific name: ACORUS CALAMUS
Family: Araceae
Local Names: Bojho (Nep.); Bhadra (Sans.); Sweet flag (Eng.)
Uses: Used as anti-spasmodic, carminative, used for sore throat and voice disorders, anthelmintic, used for the treatment of epilepsy and other mental ailments, chronic diarrhoea and dysentery, bronchial catarrh, intermittent fevers and glandular and abdominal tumours, insecticide, The oil is reported to have carcinogenic properties.

मसला
Scientific Name: Eucalyptus
Common Name: Masala (Nep.) Gum trees (Eng.)
Family: Myrtaceae
Uses: Treatment of respiratory illnesses-Coughs, colds, sore throats, asthma and congestion, also used as timber

भुई अमला
Scientific name: PHYLLANTHUS AMARU
Family: Euphorbiaceae
Local Names: Bhui amala, Pani Amala (Nep.); (Newa.); Amlika (Sans.); (Eng.)
Uses: Acrid, cooling, useful in thirst, bronchitis, leprosy, anemia, urinary discharges, biliousness, asthama, hiccough. The plant is also used as a diuretic and in menorrhogia.

धतुरो
Scientific name: DATURA STRAMONIUM
Family: Solanaceae
Local Names: Dhatura (Nep.); Dudhale, Dhatura (Newa.); Kantaphala, Dhustura (Sans.); Thorn a le, Devil’s a le (Eng.)
Uses: All parts of the plant, including the pollen and specially seeds are used. Plant is used as antispasmodic, anodyne and narcotic. Leaves are used in inhalation of smoke to cure asthma. Fruits are used as sedative and intoxicating. juice of flower is used for ear ache and that of fruits is applied to scalp for curing dandruff and falling hairs

भाँङ
Scientific name: CANNABIS SATIVA Family: annabaceae
Local Names: Bhang, Ganja (Nep.); Gaji (Newa.); Bhanga (Sans.); Indian Hemp, Hemp (Eng.)
Uses: Plant used as tonic, intoxicant, stomachic, antispasmodic, analgesic, narcotic, sedative, and anodyne; used in to relieve pain, encourage sleep and to soothe restlessness. Resinous exudate is used as hashis. It is also given in diarrhoea, dysentery and cholera.

चुत्रो
Scientific name: BERBERIS ARISTATA
Family: Barberidaceae
Local Names: Chutro, Rasanjan (Nep.); Marpyashi (Newa.); Daruharidra, Darbi, Rasanjan (Sans.); Berberry (Eng.)
Uses: Wood and root bark- alterative, astringent, antiperiodic, deobstruent, used in skin diseases, menorrhagia, diarrhea, jaundice. Root decoction used in fevers. Root bark is used externally to cure eye disease.

रोज मेरी
Scientific name: Rosmarinus officinalis
Family: Lamiaceae
Local name: Rose Mary (Nep.), Rose Mary (Eng.)
Uses: traditionally used to help alleviate muscle pain, improve memory, boost the immune and circulatory system, and promote hair growth.

स्टिभिया
Scientific name: Stevia rebaudiana
Family: Asteraceae
Local name: Chni Biruwa (Nep.), Stevia (Eng.)
Uses: Stevia (S. rebaudiana) is considered as a non-caloric natural sweetener which has many potential benefits to human beings especially in the field of diabetics, blood pressure, obesity etc. It is used as sugar substitutes in foods due its sweetness in many countries.

नीम
Scientific name: AZADIRACHTA INDICA
Family: Meliaceae
Local Names: Neem (Nep.); Neem (Newa.); Nimba, Pichumarda, Arista (Sans.); Neem, Margosa tree (Eng.)
Uses: The bark is bitter; refrigerant, anthelmintic, maturant, pectoral, astringent; relieves cough, vomiting, burning senstaion near the heart, fatigue, fever; cures ulcers and inflammations; good for leprosy, urinary discharge. The leaves are anthelmintic, alexiteric, insecticidal, good in ophthalinia, bilousness and skin diseases; tender leaves are astringent, good for cough, asthma, piles, tumors, urinary discharge. flowers are bitter, anthelmintic, removes cough and biliousness. fruits bitter and oily, hot purgative, anthelmintic, cures urinary discharge, skin disease, tumors, piles and toothache.

ओखर
Scientific name: JUGLANS REGIA
Family: juglandaceae
Local Names: Hade okhar (Nep.); Khosin (Newa.); Ashotaka (Sans.); Walnut (Eng.)
Uses: Leaves – astringent, tonic, decoction anthelmintic. Bark – anthelmintic and detergent; root bark – decoction used for hair growth tonic. Green rind of unripe fruit is used to intoxicate fish and for tanning and dyeing. Fruit – alterative in rheumatism.

फलाँट
Scientific name: Quercus lamellosa
Family: Fagaceae
Local Names: सानो फलाँट, Blue Japanese oak, ring-cupped oak
Uses: Ornamental plant for gardens, parks and streets. Blue Japanese oak acorns are edible, dried Acorns are ground into powder and used as flour to make breads and as a thickening agent in stews. Roasted seeds can be used as a coffee.Leaves are eaten as a vegetable, The branches and twigs are good material for culturing mushrooms,sources of tannin and dye. The wood is a good quality timber, finely textured, hard and durable, and is also valuable fuel-wood.

सर्पगन्धा
Scientific name: RAUWOLFIA SERPENTINA
Family: Apocynaceae
Local Names: Sarpagandha, Chandmaruwa (Nep.); Sarpagandha (Sans.); Serpentine (Eng.)
Uses: Used as anti-hypertensives and sedatives remedy in painful affections of the bowels, decoction employed in labour to increase uterine contractions.

सतुवा
Scientific name: PARIS POLYPHYLLA
Family: Liliaceae
Local Names: Satuwa (Nep.);
Uses: Rhizome used as anthelmintic and vennifuse; also used as tonic.

सिक्काकाई
Scientific name: ACACIA RUGATA
Family: Leguminosae
Local Names: Sikakai, Rasula (Nep.); Saptala, Charmakasa (Sans.); (Newa.); (Eng.)
Uses: Pods are used as expectorant, purgative, anthelmintic, antidiarrhoeal and emetic. The leaves are used as cathartic and in billiousnes. Pods and leaves are used for hair growth and malarial fever.

टांंकी

Scientific name: BAUHINIA PURPURIA
Family: Leguminosae
Local Names: Tanki (Nep.); (Newa.); Rakta-pushpa kovindara (Sans.); Bauhinia (Eng.)
Uses: Bark- used as antidiarrhoeic, antidysenteric and astringent.

तेजपत्ता

Scientific name CINNAMOMUM TAMALA
Family Lauraceae
Local Names Tejpat (Nep.); Dalchini (brk.) (Nep.);Tejpat (If.), Dalchini (brk.) (Newa.); Tamai, Tuj, Twak. Tacho (Sans.); Indian cassia, Cinnamomum leaves and bark (Eng.)
Uses Leaves and bark- aromatic, astringent stimulant and carminative; used in rheumatism, colic, diarrhea; useful for checking nausea and vomiting.

टिमुर

Scientific name ZANTHOXYLUM ARMATUM
Family Rutaceae
Local Names Timur (Nep.); Tebu (Newa.); Tumburu, Tejobati, Tejsweni (Sans.); Toothache tree (Eng.)
Uses Fruits and seed are used as canninative, stomachic and anthelmintic, in tooth powder and dental troubles and for scabies, insect-repellents. Tonic in fever and dyspepsia. The bark is also used to intoxicate fish.

तितेपाती
Scientific name ARTEMISIA INDICA
Family Compositae
Local Names Tite pati (Nep.); (Newa.); Surparnaa (Sans.); Mug-wort (Eng.)
Uses Herbs are reported to have emmenagogue, oexrigenic, insecticidal, anthelmintic, antispasmodic, stomachie, purgative activities. Plant cures asthma, itching. Used for delayed or irregular mensturation, anorexia, nurvous dyspepsia, gastritis, rheumatism, bronchitis, fever, headache, and as a remedy for hemorrage and diarrhea. Used in fomentations given in skin diseases and and foul ulcers as an alternative; applied to the head of young childem for the prevention of convulsion.

तुलसी
Scientific name OCIMUM TENUIFLORUM
Family Labiatae
Local Names Tulasi (Nep.); Tulasi (Newa.); Tulasi, Surasa (Sans.); Holy Basil (Eng.)
Uses The plant is pungent and dry; stomachic, anthelmintic, alexcipharmic, antipyretic; useful in diseases of the heart and blood, biliouseness, leucoderma. Leaves are specifically used to reduce the severity of fevers, juice gives lustre to the eye, good for toothache, earache, headache; seed allay thirst; useful in chronic pain in the joints, asthma inflammations and enlarge spleen; seed infusions is used in gonorhoea, diarrhoea and chronic dysentery. It is widely used in cough-cold and influenza.

भ्यांकुर
Scientific name DIOSCOREA BULBIFERA
Family Dioscoreaceae
Local Names Vyakur, Kukurtarul, Ghunar (Nep.); Bahrahkand (Sans.); Air potato; aerial yam (Eng.)
Uses used in haemoptysis, epistaxis; pharyngitis; goitre; pyogenic infections, scrofula; orchitis; sprains and injuries.